The equipment manufacturing industry is the foundation and core of a country's industrial development. It must provide the working machine for all sectors of the national economy. It has the characteristics of high technology content and strong demand elasticity. Therefore, it has always been regarded as the heart of industry and the importance of supporting the country's overall national strength. cornerstone.
However, the latest data from the industrial policy department shows that 60% of China's equipment is imported, of which 100% of fiber optic manufacturing equipment, more than 80% of integrated circuit manufacturing equipment and petrochemical equipment, and 70% of CNC machine tools are foreign products. In recent years, although there have been many breakthroughs in the independent innovation capability of the chemical equipment industry, compared with foreign countries, more is the gap.
There are breakthroughs in major equipment. At present, the key equipment required for China's main production equipment, such as reaction equipment, towers, heat exchange equipment, industrial furnaces, storage and transportation equipment, special machinery, gas compressors, industrial pumps, etc. The international advanced level. Among them, the localization rate of refining equipment (according to investment) reached over 90%, and the localization rate of ethylene complete equipment (according to investment) reached about 70%.
China is the only country in the developing world that can produce complete sets of oil drilling rigs, and has the capacity to produce about 120 sets of 1000-9000 meters complete sets of drilling rigs per year. On December 28, 2004, China's first demonstration project for localization of large nitrogen fertilizer plants with an annual output of 300,000 tons of synthetic ammonia was successfully put into operation in Shandong Hualu Hengsheng Chemical Co., Ltd., thus proclaiming a large nitrogen fertilizer plant that has dreamed for more than 30 years. Localization is achieved.
Core technology is subject to people
Although the localization of chemical equipment has made certain breakthroughs, the core technology of some equipment is still subject to people.
Compared with developed countries, there is a certain gap between domestic chemical equipment and product performance and product quality. Such as petrochemical major equipment. The progress of production technology and the development of equipment technology are seriously out of touch. The phenomenon of heavy technology and light equipment still exists, and the development of equipment technology cannot keep pace with the development of petrochemical technology. In particular, the development of software technology for major equipment is basically at the level of imitation. The development of proprietary technology with independent intellectual property rights is not only weak, but also less specialized, standardized, and serialized.
Equipment design and manufacturing levels, equipment quality and reliability also need to be further improved. General equipment manufacturing capacity is excessive, and major equipment manufacturing capabilities are insufficient. China's large-scale ethylene cracking and its post-processing complete process design lags behind, still need to buy foreign technology. This makes China's chemical equipment industry has been introduced - behind - the introduction of the strange circle.
Although China's equipment industry can provide some major equipment and products needed for economic construction, the technology mainly relies on foreign imports. 57% of the industrialization of products in the machinery manufacturing industry is completed on the basis of imported technology. This allows developed countries with master core technologies to take most of our profits with only one paper technology contract.
The intensity of independent innovation needs to be increased
The industry generally believes that to improve the independent innovation capability of the equipment manufacturing industry, we must first adhere to the integration of internal resources and the introduction of equal emphasis, and continuously enhance the scale strength and overall level of the equipment manufacturing industry. We set ourselves up to establish a group of industrial clusters for equipment manufacturing. At the same time, we have selectively introduced a number of multinational companies with world-leading products from abroad, especially the technology research and development centers for equipment products.
Secondly, the most pressing problem facing China's equipment manufacturing industry is to establish an independent innovation system based on enterprises. At present, China does not have large enterprises that can integrate applied basic research and technology development like developed countries. Therefore, while increasing the encouragement of independent innovation by enterprises, giving full play to the role of existing research institutions and establishing a technological innovation system with Chinese characteristics, we should further improve the supporting policy system and market environment, and guide enterprises to improve the use, management and protection of knowledge. The ability to property rights, the establishment of professionals can freely play the strength of the incentive mechanism.
The third is to guide enterprises to carry out joint development, establish cross-city R&D centers, form cross-regional product processing and export bases and high-tech industrialization bases, vigorously promote inter-city enterprise restructuring and industrial integration, and improve industrial concentration and market competition. force.
The fourth is to have the support of major policy measures. The central government must give financial support, and local governments should increase financial support. For example, using economic means to support the development of equipment manufacturing industry in the form of interest subsidies, building parks, and improving the environment. At the same time, the state should strengthen the planning and guidance of major projects. Equipment manufacturing projects must achieve rational allocation of resources, and may consider tilting to old industrial bases with strong industrial bases, such as the old industrial bases in Northeast China.
However, the latest data from the industrial policy department shows that 60% of China's equipment is imported, of which 100% of fiber optic manufacturing equipment, more than 80% of integrated circuit manufacturing equipment and petrochemical equipment, and 70% of CNC machine tools are foreign products. In recent years, although there have been many breakthroughs in the independent innovation capability of the chemical equipment industry, compared with foreign countries, more is the gap.
There are breakthroughs in major equipment. At present, the key equipment required for China's main production equipment, such as reaction equipment, towers, heat exchange equipment, industrial furnaces, storage and transportation equipment, special machinery, gas compressors, industrial pumps, etc. The international advanced level. Among them, the localization rate of refining equipment (according to investment) reached over 90%, and the localization rate of ethylene complete equipment (according to investment) reached about 70%.
China is the only country in the developing world that can produce complete sets of oil drilling rigs, and has the capacity to produce about 120 sets of 1000-9000 meters complete sets of drilling rigs per year. On December 28, 2004, China's first demonstration project for localization of large nitrogen fertilizer plants with an annual output of 300,000 tons of synthetic ammonia was successfully put into operation in Shandong Hualu Hengsheng Chemical Co., Ltd., thus proclaiming a large nitrogen fertilizer plant that has dreamed for more than 30 years. Localization is achieved.
Core technology is subject to people
Although the localization of chemical equipment has made certain breakthroughs, the core technology of some equipment is still subject to people.
Compared with developed countries, there is a certain gap between domestic chemical equipment and product performance and product quality. Such as petrochemical major equipment. The progress of production technology and the development of equipment technology are seriously out of touch. The phenomenon of heavy technology and light equipment still exists, and the development of equipment technology cannot keep pace with the development of petrochemical technology. In particular, the development of software technology for major equipment is basically at the level of imitation. The development of proprietary technology with independent intellectual property rights is not only weak, but also less specialized, standardized, and serialized.
Equipment design and manufacturing levels, equipment quality and reliability also need to be further improved. General equipment manufacturing capacity is excessive, and major equipment manufacturing capabilities are insufficient. China's large-scale ethylene cracking and its post-processing complete process design lags behind, still need to buy foreign technology. This makes China's chemical equipment industry has been introduced - behind - the introduction of the strange circle.
Although China's equipment industry can provide some major equipment and products needed for economic construction, the technology mainly relies on foreign imports. 57% of the industrialization of products in the machinery manufacturing industry is completed on the basis of imported technology. This allows developed countries with master core technologies to take most of our profits with only one paper technology contract.
The intensity of independent innovation needs to be increased
The industry generally believes that to improve the independent innovation capability of the equipment manufacturing industry, we must first adhere to the integration of internal resources and the introduction of equal emphasis, and continuously enhance the scale strength and overall level of the equipment manufacturing industry. We set ourselves up to establish a group of industrial clusters for equipment manufacturing. At the same time, we have selectively introduced a number of multinational companies with world-leading products from abroad, especially the technology research and development centers for equipment products.
Secondly, the most pressing problem facing China's equipment manufacturing industry is to establish an independent innovation system based on enterprises. At present, China does not have large enterprises that can integrate applied basic research and technology development like developed countries. Therefore, while increasing the encouragement of independent innovation by enterprises, giving full play to the role of existing research institutions and establishing a technological innovation system with Chinese characteristics, we should further improve the supporting policy system and market environment, and guide enterprises to improve the use, management and protection of knowledge. The ability to property rights, the establishment of professionals can freely play the strength of the incentive mechanism.
The third is to guide enterprises to carry out joint development, establish cross-city R&D centers, form cross-regional product processing and export bases and high-tech industrialization bases, vigorously promote inter-city enterprise restructuring and industrial integration, and improve industrial concentration and market competition. force.
The fourth is to have the support of major policy measures. The central government must give financial support, and local governments should increase financial support. For example, using economic means to support the development of equipment manufacturing industry in the form of interest subsidies, building parks, and improving the environment. At the same time, the state should strengthen the planning and guidance of major projects. Equipment manufacturing projects must achieve rational allocation of resources, and may consider tilting to old industrial bases with strong industrial bases, such as the old industrial bases in Northeast China.
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