New energy vehicles are a highly connected industry. In addition to their own conventional automobile-related chains, they also involve batteries, electric controls and related manufacturing materials industries. Policy support for new energy vehicles will bring more opportunities to the raw materials industries such as lithium and rare earths upstream of batteries and motors. However, industry experts believe that the technical reserves in the field of materials still need to be improved.
According to reports, the production of lithium batteries can be divided into four sub-sectors of diaphragm, electrolyte, cathode material and anode material. These materials account for 40% to 46%, 10% to 14%, and 5% to 11% of the cost of lithium batteries. % and 5% to 15%. Among them, the separator is the highest value-added material with the highest technical content in lithium battery materials, and the gross profit margin is over 70%. The performance of the diaphragm directly affects the battery capacity, circulation and safety performance. At present, there is no company in China that can produce, including BYD. At present, Foshan Plastics Co., Ltd., which produces small lithium battery separators, has undertaken the research and development of diaphragm technology in the National 863 Program.
Electrolyte is known as the "blood" of lithium batteries. Jiangsu Guotai is a leading domestic producer of electrolytes. The company is developing a synthetic technology for lithium hexafluorophosphate projects that are monopolized by foreign countries. Lithium hexafluorophosphate is an important electrolyte for the production of electrolytes, accounting for about 50% of the cost of electrolytes, and currently relies mainly on imports. Due to the high difficulty of production technology, it is monopolized by several Japanese companies such as East Electrochemical Industry and Morita Chemical. Domestically, there are Jinguang Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., Tianjin Chemical Design and Research Institute, Shandong Feicheng Xingtai, Tianjin Jinniu and other enterprises that can produce, but the production capacity is small, and the quality is far from the foreign countries.
In the field of cathode materials and anode materials, the relative market share of domestic enterprises is relatively high. However, in the positive material companies, most of the production of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, etc., the real production of lithium iron phosphate manufacturers are limited. Among the listed companies, only Shanshan has mastered the production technology of lithium iron phosphate. Among the negative electrode materials, mainly modified graphite, the technical threshold is not high, and it accounts for only about 5% of the cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries. The enterprises that win in the industry mainly depend on the scale. The related companies of listed companies are mainly Shenzhen Betui, which is owned by China Baoan, and Shanghai Shanshan, which is owned by Shanshan.
According to statistics, by 2009, the proportion of rare earth demand in the emerging sector in domestic total demand has reached 55.2%. Benefiting from the birth of this round of new energy vehicle policies, the downstream rare earth raw material resources are bound to develop rapidly. Presumably rare earths will become scarcer.
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