Biological microscope is a kind of precision optical instrument commonly used in biology teaching experiment. It consists of mechanical system and optical system.
The mechanical system includes: a barrel driving section, a rotating section of the objective lens, a stage, a conversion section of a clamp and a shutter, a rotating section of a frame and a base, and the like.
Optical systems include: eyepieces, objectives, condensers, mirrors, etc.
1. Maintenance and Maintenance (1) Overall Maintenance: The biological microscope should be placed in a cool, dry, dust-free, non-corrosive place. After use, wipe it clean immediately, cover it with a dust-proof and breathable cover or put it in the box.
(2) Maintenance of mechanical system: After use, clean it with a clean rag and apply some neutral grease on the sliding part periodically. If there is serious pollution, it can be washed with gasoline and then wiped dry. However, do not use alcohol or ether to clean, because these reagents will corrode the machinery and paint, causing damage.
(3) Maintenance of the optical system: After use, gently wipe the eyepiece lens and the objective lens with a clean and soft silk cloth. If there is any stain that cannot be wiped off, use a long-fiber absorbent cotton or a clean, fine cotton cloth to clean it with less dimethylbenzene or a lens cleaning solution (3 parts alcohol, 1 part ethyl ether). Then use a clean, soft silk cloth to dry or blow dry with a hair dryer. It should be noted that the cleaning fluid must not infiltrate the inside of the objective lens, otherwise it will damage the objective lens. Condenser (for XSP-13A, 16A only) and mirrors can be wiped clean as soon as they are used.
2. Exclusion of Common Faults (1) Sliding of the Tube: This is one of the common failures of biological microscopes. The solution to the microscope solution of the sleeve type structure can be carried out in two steps.
The first step: Hold the two coarse adjustment wheels with both hands and tighten them with relative force. To see if it can solve the problem, if it still can't solve the problem, use a dedicated double-post wrench to unscrew a coarse adjustment handwheel, add a friction plate, tighten the handwheel, if the rotation is very strenuous, then add the friction plate Too thick, changeable thin. With the hand wheel turning effortlessly, the lens barrel moves up and down easily without falling on its own. The friction plate can be punched with a waste photographic film and a soft plastic sheet less than 1 mm thick with a punch.
Step 2: Check the meshing state of the gear on the coarse adjustment shaft and the rack on the body. The up and down movement of the lens barrel is accomplished by the gears driving the rack. The best meshing state of gears and racks is theoretically the pitch line of the rack tangent to the pitch circle of the gears. In this state, the gears rotate easily and most of the wear on the rack rack now has a wrong approach. The gasket is added behind the rack so that the rack presses the gear tightly to stop the barrel from falling. At this time, the index line of the rack intersects with the index circle of the gear, and the tips of the rack and the rack both tightly press against each other's tooth roots. When the gears rotate, severe grinding occurs between them. Because the rack is copper, the gears are steel. Therefore, grinding each other will damage the teeth on the rack and produce many copper shavings on the gears and racks. The rack will eventually wear out and become unusable. Therefore, do not use the rack to increase the height of the rack to prevent it from sliding down. To solve the problem of self-slipping of the lens barrel, it can only be achieved by increasing the friction between the coarse adjustment hand wheel and the eccentric shaft sleeve. However, there is one exception, that is, the pitch line of the rack is different from the pitch circle of the gear. When turning the coarse adjustment handwheel at this time, the phenomenon of idle skidding will also occur, affecting the up and down movement of the lens barrel. If this is done by adjusting the eccentric bushing of the coarse adjustment handwheel, the meshing distance between the gear and the rack cannot be adjusted. It can only be solved by adding an appropriate sheet after the rack. The standard for adjusting the meshing distance between the gear and the rack gasket is to adjust the distance between the gear and the rack: the rough-adjusting handwheel is not hard, but it is not idle.
After adjusting the distance, add some neutral grease between gear and rack. Let the lens tube move up and down a few times. Finally, tighten the two compression screws on the eccentric bushing. Otherwise, when the coarse-adjusting handwheel is turned, the eccentric bushing may rotate, and the rack is jammed so that the mirror cannot move up and down. If you turn the coarse handwheel too much at this time, the rack and eccentric bushing may be damaged. After tightening the compression screw, if you find that the eccentric bushing is still following. This is due to the fact that the screw holes of the compression screw have not been modified. Because manufacturers change the thread is to use the machine to change the wire, there will often be one to two teeth thread did not change in place. At this time, even if the screw is not screwed in place, the eccentric bushing will not be tight. Found this kind of failure, as long as the use of M3 wire tapping the screw hole thread can solve the problem. I have used this method to completely solve the problem of rotating 30 sets of biomicroscopy eccentric hubs in our university.
After the above steps are all completed, the problem of self-slipping of the lens barrel is basically solved completely.
2 Objective Converter Rotation Difficulties or Positioning Failures: Difficult rotation of the converter may be due to the tightness of the fixing screws. Makes it difficult to rotate and can damage parts. Too loose, the inside of the bearing marble will be off the track, squeeze together, also make it difficult to rotate; another marble is likely to go outside, the diameter of the marble is only a millimeter, it is easy to lose. The degree of tightness of the fixing screw is such that the converter can easily rotate, and there is no loosening clearance in the vertical direction. After adjusting the fixing screw, the locking screw should be locked immediately. Otherwise, problems may occur after the converter is turned.
Failure to locate the transducer can sometimes be caused by a broken or elastically deformed reed. Generally just replace the reed on the line.
3 Shutter positioning failure: This may be due to the fact that the shutter fixing screws are too loose and the positioning pins escape from the positioning holes. Just put the ball back into the positioning hole and tighten the set screw. If it is difficult to rotate the shutter after tightening, add a washer between the visor and the stage. After the thickness of the washer is tightened with the screw, the shutter rotates easily, the positioning ball does not escape, and the shutter is positioned correctly.
4 The mirror lens is not fixed when the hip is tilted: This is caused by loosening of the connection screws of the frame and the base. You can use a dedicated double-headed wrench or two holes with a sharp nosed clamp to hold the two-eye nut and tighten it tightly. If you do not solve the problem after tightening, you need to add a proper gasket in the nut to solve.
5 The lens of the eyepiece and the objective lens is contaminated or moldy: After a period of time, most microscopes produce stains or mildew on the outside of the lens. In particular, the high-power objective 40x is extremely easy to be contaminated by the sugar liquid when it is conducting an experiment to observe the plasmolysis and recovery of plant cells. If the lens is contaminated and not cleaned in time, mildew will occur. The treatment method is to use a clean and soft silk cloth, warm water to wash away contaminants such as sugar liquid, then dry it with a dry silk cloth, and then use a long-fiber absorbent cotton to remove some lens cleaning solution, and finally blow dry with a blower ball. It should be noted that the cleaning fluid must not penetrate the inside of the objective lens. Because in order to achieve the required magnification, high-power lens lenses need to be glued together tightly. The glue is transparent and very violent. Once the glue is dissolved by solvents such as alcohol and ether, the light path changes when the light passes through the two lenses. The observation effect will be greatly affected. Therefore, do not allow solvents such as alcohol and ether to infiltrate the inside of the objective lens during cleaning. If the lens inside the objective lens or the objective lens is contaminated or moldy, it must be disassembled for cleaning. The eyepiece can be directly unscrewed and cleaned. However, the structure of the objective lens is more complicated, the stacking of the lenses, and the distance between the lenses have very strict requirements and the accuracy is also high. Manufacturers are positioned precisely after assembly. Therefore, after dismantling and cleaning, it must be assembled exactly as it is.
The lenses of the biological microscope are all made of precision-processed optical glass sheets. In order to increase the light transmittance, a thin transparent film is required on both sides of the optical glass sheet. This light transmittance can reach 97% -98%. The surface of the light-transmitting film is smooth and smooth, and it is very violent. Once the surface of the light-transmitting film is scratched, its light transmittance will be greatly affected. Obscure when observed. Therefore, when wiping the lens, be sure to clean it gently with a clean soft silk cloth or a clean brush. If you wipe it with a tissue paper, wipe it gently so as not to damage the transparent film.
To sum up, for the maintenance of biological microscopes, as long as it is to prevent dust, moisture, heat, and corrosion. After use, it should be cleaned and wiped cleanly, and regular lubricating grease should be added to relevant parts. For some complex structures, precision assembly parts, if there is no set of professional knowledge, certain skills and special tools, can not be disassembled without authorization, so as not to damage parts and components.
There are more than 60 new and old biological microscopes in our school. Over the years, the goodness rate has remained at 100%. In biological experiment teaching, each student is guaranteed to use a microscope for independent operation and observation. Not only has the students greatly increased their interest in biology experimental teaching, but it has also strengthened the training of students' independent operational ability and has played a positive role in improving the overall quality of students.
The mechanical system includes: a barrel driving section, a rotating section of the objective lens, a stage, a conversion section of a clamp and a shutter, a rotating section of a frame and a base, and the like.
Optical systems include: eyepieces, objectives, condensers, mirrors, etc.
1. Maintenance and Maintenance (1) Overall Maintenance: The biological microscope should be placed in a cool, dry, dust-free, non-corrosive place. After use, wipe it clean immediately, cover it with a dust-proof and breathable cover or put it in the box.
(2) Maintenance of mechanical system: After use, clean it with a clean rag and apply some neutral grease on the sliding part periodically. If there is serious pollution, it can be washed with gasoline and then wiped dry. However, do not use alcohol or ether to clean, because these reagents will corrode the machinery and paint, causing damage.
(3) Maintenance of the optical system: After use, gently wipe the eyepiece lens and the objective lens with a clean and soft silk cloth. If there is any stain that cannot be wiped off, use a long-fiber absorbent cotton or a clean, fine cotton cloth to clean it with less dimethylbenzene or a lens cleaning solution (3 parts alcohol, 1 part ethyl ether). Then use a clean, soft silk cloth to dry or blow dry with a hair dryer. It should be noted that the cleaning fluid must not infiltrate the inside of the objective lens, otherwise it will damage the objective lens. Condenser (for XSP-13A, 16A only) and mirrors can be wiped clean as soon as they are used.
2. Exclusion of Common Faults (1) Sliding of the Tube: This is one of the common failures of biological microscopes. The solution to the microscope solution of the sleeve type structure can be carried out in two steps.
The first step: Hold the two coarse adjustment wheels with both hands and tighten them with relative force. To see if it can solve the problem, if it still can't solve the problem, use a dedicated double-post wrench to unscrew a coarse adjustment handwheel, add a friction plate, tighten the handwheel, if the rotation is very strenuous, then add the friction plate Too thick, changeable thin. With the hand wheel turning effortlessly, the lens barrel moves up and down easily without falling on its own. The friction plate can be punched with a waste photographic film and a soft plastic sheet less than 1 mm thick with a punch.
Step 2: Check the meshing state of the gear on the coarse adjustment shaft and the rack on the body. The up and down movement of the lens barrel is accomplished by the gears driving the rack. The best meshing state of gears and racks is theoretically the pitch line of the rack tangent to the pitch circle of the gears. In this state, the gears rotate easily and most of the wear on the rack rack now has a wrong approach. The gasket is added behind the rack so that the rack presses the gear tightly to stop the barrel from falling. At this time, the index line of the rack intersects with the index circle of the gear, and the tips of the rack and the rack both tightly press against each other's tooth roots. When the gears rotate, severe grinding occurs between them. Because the rack is copper, the gears are steel. Therefore, grinding each other will damage the teeth on the rack and produce many copper shavings on the gears and racks. The rack will eventually wear out and become unusable. Therefore, do not use the rack to increase the height of the rack to prevent it from sliding down. To solve the problem of self-slipping of the lens barrel, it can only be achieved by increasing the friction between the coarse adjustment hand wheel and the eccentric shaft sleeve. However, there is one exception, that is, the pitch line of the rack is different from the pitch circle of the gear. When turning the coarse adjustment handwheel at this time, the phenomenon of idle skidding will also occur, affecting the up and down movement of the lens barrel. If this is done by adjusting the eccentric bushing of the coarse adjustment handwheel, the meshing distance between the gear and the rack cannot be adjusted. It can only be solved by adding an appropriate sheet after the rack. The standard for adjusting the meshing distance between the gear and the rack gasket is to adjust the distance between the gear and the rack: the rough-adjusting handwheel is not hard, but it is not idle.
After adjusting the distance, add some neutral grease between gear and rack. Let the lens tube move up and down a few times. Finally, tighten the two compression screws on the eccentric bushing. Otherwise, when the coarse-adjusting handwheel is turned, the eccentric bushing may rotate, and the rack is jammed so that the mirror cannot move up and down. If you turn the coarse handwheel too much at this time, the rack and eccentric bushing may be damaged. After tightening the compression screw, if you find that the eccentric bushing is still following. This is due to the fact that the screw holes of the compression screw have not been modified. Because manufacturers change the thread is to use the machine to change the wire, there will often be one to two teeth thread did not change in place. At this time, even if the screw is not screwed in place, the eccentric bushing will not be tight. Found this kind of failure, as long as the use of M3 wire tapping the screw hole thread can solve the problem. I have used this method to completely solve the problem of rotating 30 sets of biomicroscopy eccentric hubs in our university.
After the above steps are all completed, the problem of self-slipping of the lens barrel is basically solved completely.
2 Objective Converter Rotation Difficulties or Positioning Failures: Difficult rotation of the converter may be due to the tightness of the fixing screws. Makes it difficult to rotate and can damage parts. Too loose, the inside of the bearing marble will be off the track, squeeze together, also make it difficult to rotate; another marble is likely to go outside, the diameter of the marble is only a millimeter, it is easy to lose. The degree of tightness of the fixing screw is such that the converter can easily rotate, and there is no loosening clearance in the vertical direction. After adjusting the fixing screw, the locking screw should be locked immediately. Otherwise, problems may occur after the converter is turned.
Failure to locate the transducer can sometimes be caused by a broken or elastically deformed reed. Generally just replace the reed on the line.
3 Shutter positioning failure: This may be due to the fact that the shutter fixing screws are too loose and the positioning pins escape from the positioning holes. Just put the ball back into the positioning hole and tighten the set screw. If it is difficult to rotate the shutter after tightening, add a washer between the visor and the stage. After the thickness of the washer is tightened with the screw, the shutter rotates easily, the positioning ball does not escape, and the shutter is positioned correctly.
4 The mirror lens is not fixed when the hip is tilted: This is caused by loosening of the connection screws of the frame and the base. You can use a dedicated double-headed wrench or two holes with a sharp nosed clamp to hold the two-eye nut and tighten it tightly. If you do not solve the problem after tightening, you need to add a proper gasket in the nut to solve.
5 The lens of the eyepiece and the objective lens is contaminated or moldy: After a period of time, most microscopes produce stains or mildew on the outside of the lens. In particular, the high-power objective 40x is extremely easy to be contaminated by the sugar liquid when it is conducting an experiment to observe the plasmolysis and recovery of plant cells. If the lens is contaminated and not cleaned in time, mildew will occur. The treatment method is to use a clean and soft silk cloth, warm water to wash away contaminants such as sugar liquid, then dry it with a dry silk cloth, and then use a long-fiber absorbent cotton to remove some lens cleaning solution, and finally blow dry with a blower ball. It should be noted that the cleaning fluid must not penetrate the inside of the objective lens. Because in order to achieve the required magnification, high-power lens lenses need to be glued together tightly. The glue is transparent and very violent. Once the glue is dissolved by solvents such as alcohol and ether, the light path changes when the light passes through the two lenses. The observation effect will be greatly affected. Therefore, do not allow solvents such as alcohol and ether to infiltrate the inside of the objective lens during cleaning. If the lens inside the objective lens or the objective lens is contaminated or moldy, it must be disassembled for cleaning. The eyepiece can be directly unscrewed and cleaned. However, the structure of the objective lens is more complicated, the stacking of the lenses, and the distance between the lenses have very strict requirements and the accuracy is also high. Manufacturers are positioned precisely after assembly. Therefore, after dismantling and cleaning, it must be assembled exactly as it is.
The lenses of the biological microscope are all made of precision-processed optical glass sheets. In order to increase the light transmittance, a thin transparent film is required on both sides of the optical glass sheet. This light transmittance can reach 97% -98%. The surface of the light-transmitting film is smooth and smooth, and it is very violent. Once the surface of the light-transmitting film is scratched, its light transmittance will be greatly affected. Obscure when observed. Therefore, when wiping the lens, be sure to clean it gently with a clean soft silk cloth or a clean brush. If you wipe it with a tissue paper, wipe it gently so as not to damage the transparent film.
To sum up, for the maintenance of biological microscopes, as long as it is to prevent dust, moisture, heat, and corrosion. After use, it should be cleaned and wiped cleanly, and regular lubricating grease should be added to relevant parts. For some complex structures, precision assembly parts, if there is no set of professional knowledge, certain skills and special tools, can not be disassembled without authorization, so as not to damage parts and components.
There are more than 60 new and old biological microscopes in our school. Over the years, the goodness rate has remained at 100%. In biological experiment teaching, each student is guaranteed to use a microscope for independent operation and observation. Not only has the students greatly increased their interest in biology experimental teaching, but it has also strengthened the training of students' independent operational ability and has played a positive role in improving the overall quality of students.